1. Introduction
Basalt fiber is a high - performance inorganic fiber, derived from natural basalt rocks. These rocks are melted at extremely high temperatures (around 1450 - 1500°C) and then extruded through spinnerets to form fine fibers. This unique manufacturing process endows basalt fiber with a set of remarkable properties that make it stand out in various industries.
2. Properties
2.1 High Strength
Basalt fiber exhibits an impressively high tensile strength, often comparable to that of high - strength carbon fibers. It can withstand significant pulling forces without breaking, making it ideal for applications where structural integrity is crucial. For example, in composite materials used in construction and aerospace, the high - strength basalt fiber provides enhanced load - bearing capacity.
2.2 Excellent Heat Resistance
With a melting point of approximately 1500°C, basalt fiber can maintain its physical and mechanical properties even at high temperatures. It can be used in environments up to 650°C continuously without significant degradation. This property makes it suitable for applications such as fire - resistant insulation in buildings, and components in high - temperature industrial processes.
2.3 Corrosion Resistance
Basalt fiber shows outstanding resistance to corrosion from various chemicals, including acids, alkalis, and salts. This makes it a durable choice for applications in harsh environments, such as marine construction, chemical plants, and wastewater treatment facilities. It can resist the corrosive effects of seawater, ensuring the long - term stability of structures in coastal areas.
2.4 Low Density
Despite its high strength, basalt fiber has a relatively low density, which is beneficial for applications where weight reduction is a priority. In the automotive industry, for instance, the use of basalt - fiber - reinforced composites can reduce the weight of vehicle components without sacrificing strength, thereby improving fuel efficiency.
3. Types
3.1 Continuous Basalt Fiber
Continuous basalt fiber is produced in long, unbroken strands. It is widely used in the manufacture of high - performance composites. These fibers can be woven into fabrics or used as continuous filaments in filament - winding processes. In the aerospace industry, continuous basalt - fiber - reinforced composites are used to make aircraft wings and fuselage parts, providing a combination of strength and light weight.
3.2 Short Basalt Fiber
Short basalt fiber is cut into shorter lengths, typically ranging from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. It is commonly used to reinforce plastics, rubber, and cement - based materials. For example, in the production of plastic pipes, short basalt fibers can enhance the pipe's strength, stiffness, and abrasion resistance.
4. Production Process
The production of basalt fiber begins with the selection of high - quality basalt rocks. These rocks are first crushed into small particles and then fed into a melting furnace. Inside the furnace, the basalt is melted at high temperatures. The molten basalt is then extruded through spinnerets with precisely designed orifices. As the molten material passes through the spinnerets, it solidifies into fine fibers. These fibers are then collected and may undergo further surface treatment to improve their adhesion to matrix materials in composite applications.
5. Applications
5.1 Construction Industry
- Reinforcement of Concrete: Basalt fiber can be added to concrete to enhance its mechanical properties. It reduces the formation of cracks, improves the tensile strength, and increases the durability of concrete structures. This is especially useful in large - scale construction projects such as bridges, high - rise buildings, and dams.
- Insulation Materials: Due to its heat - resistant and fire - retardant properties, basalt fiber is used in the production of insulation materials for buildings. Basalt - fiber - based insulation products can effectively reduce heat transfer, contributing to energy efficiency in buildings.
5.2 Automotive Industry
- Lightweight Composites: Basalt - fiber - reinforced composites are used to manufacture various automotive components, such as body panels, engine covers, and interior parts. The use of these composites helps to reduce the overall weight of the vehicle, which in turn improves fuel efficiency and reduces emissions.
- Brake Linings: The high - temperature resistance and abrasion resistance of basalt fiber make it an excellent material for brake linings. It can withstand the high temperatures generated during braking and provide reliable braking performance.
5.3 Aerospace Industry
- Aircraft Components: Basalt fiber is used in the production of aircraft components, including wings, tail sections, and interior structures. Its high strength - to - weight ratio and excellent heat resistance make it a suitable alternative to traditional materials like aluminum and carbon fiber in some applications.
5.4 Marine Industry
- Shipbuilding: Basalt - fiber - reinforced composites are used in shipbuilding to construct hulls, decks, and superstructures. The corrosion resistance of basalt fiber ensures the long - term durability of ships in seawater environments. It also helps to reduce the weight of the ship, improving its speed and fuel efficiency.
6. Advantages over Traditional Materials
- Cost - effectiveness: Compared to some high - performance fibers like carbon fiber, basalt fiber offers a more cost - effective solution without sacrificing too much in terms of performance. It provides a good balance between performance and cost, making it accessible for a wider range of applications.
- Environmental Friendliness: Basalt fiber is made from natural basalt rocks, which are abundant in nature. The production process is relatively environmentally friendly, with lower energy consumption and fewer harmful emissions compared to some synthetic fibers.
In conclusion, basalt fiber is a versatile and high - performance material with a wide range of applications. Its unique combination of properties, cost - effectiveness, and environmental friendliness makes it a material of choice for many industries, and its usage is expected to grow in the future as more innovative applications are developed.
Company Profile
Guangdong Kaidun New Material Co., Ltd. is a technology - oriented enterprise specialized in the research, development, production, and sales of high - performance fiber - based textile products. It operates two production bases, one in Jiangsu Province and the other in Guangdong Province, with its operational headquarters situated in Foshan, Guangdong.
The Jiangsu base, namely Kaidun New Material Jinhu Co., Ltd., features a production workshop covering an area of more than 12,000 square meters and five production lines of needling machines. The Guangdong base, which is Guangdong Kaidun New Material Co., Ltd., is equipped with a 4,000 - square - meter comprehensive office building, a 10,000 - square - meter production workshop, three needling machine production lines, multiple looms, filament - cutting machines, wire - distributing machines, and slitting machines.
The company primarily focuses on developing textile or non - woven products using special high - performance fiber materials such as aramid, pre - oxidized fiber, ultra - high - molecular - weight polyethylene, basalt, polyimide, polyacrylonitrile, and carbon fiber, etc. These products are suitable for various applications including fireproofing, heat insulation, thermal preservation, sealing, weather resistance, reinforcement, cut - resistance, and puncture - resistance. They are widely used in industries such as the protect, aviation, aerospace, marine, automotive, photovoltaic, high - speed railway, firefighting, electrical appliances, chemical engineering, steel - making, thermoelectricity, textile, and plastics.
Guangdong Kaidun is an enterprise with independent R & D, customized production, and design capabilities. Its products are sold both domestically and overseas. In recent years, Kaidun Industrial has been dedicated to the research and development and productization of various new flame - retardant material products, striving to contribute to the national high - tech materials in breaking the foreign blockade. Simultaneously, it has vigorously developed high - tech technologies like intelligent manufacturing to drive the manufacturing industry from "Made in China" to "Created in China".
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